12.11.09

Research Writing Topics 2010

1. Effectiveness of the testing system (UKMA case study)
2. UKMA internship VS charity contribution for the university development
3. Ecological aspects of the campus life (UKMA case study)
4. Living in UKMA dormitories VS renting a room
5. The role of donators in the UKMA life
6. Educational process (UKMA case study)
7. Students' employment (UKMA case study)
8. Nutrition possibilities for UKMA students
9. Effectiveness of the student self-governance (UKMA case study)
10. Academic integrity and the students' responsibility (UKMA case study)


Optional topics:
Juvenile problems.

2.11.09

How to write a course paper in one night [pdf]





Paper template [zip]

To be used only for studying purposes.

20.10.09

Reference Book in Academic Writing for Graduate Students

CONTENTS

UNIT 1 ...4
Academic Writing Style ...4
1. The Differences between Spoken and Written Language ...4
2. Levels of Formality ...8
UNIT 2 ...11
Paragraph Writing ...11
1. Paragraph Structure ...11
2. Unity. Coherence. Development. ...16
UNIT 3 ... 27
Essay Writing ...27
1. Organization of the Essay ...27
2. The Introductory Paragraph ...27
3. The Concluding Paragraph ...28
4. Argumentative Essay ...30
5. Argumentation Designs ...32
6. The Writing Product ...33
7. Checklist of Essay ...34
8. Sample Argumentative Essay ...35
UNIT4 ...38
Research Paper ...38
1. What Is Research? ... 38
2. Steps in Writing a Research Paper ...38
4. Paraphrase ... 41
5. Summary ...44
6. Texts for Note-Taking, Paragraphing and Summarizing ...49
7. Annotated Research Paper ...55
8. Research Paper Abstracts ...62
SUPPLEMENT ...66
Comparison of Punctuation Marks Usage in English and Ukrainian ... 66
APPENDIX ...77
MLA STYLE of DOCUMENTATION ...77
Index of MLA Style Features ...77
Basic Features of MLA Style ...79
Literature Used ... 96

[download a copy]

18.2.09

Classification Paragraph

Dmytro Drozdovskyi, group # 1

All the dramatic works of William Shakespeare fall under three traditional periods: 1590-1594, 1594-1601, and 1601-1609. However, the history plays of this writer can be also divided into three main groups but not according to their chronology. In fact, the parts of the histories were not created one after another; for example, there was a ten-year chronological distance between Henry VI and Henry VIII. Nevertheless, the history plays belong to three main groups: connected with the Lancaster’s last king, the conflicts with the York dynasty, and the blossom of the Lancaster’s monarch family. The fist type of dramas represents the histories that depict the confrontation with Richard II and the historical battles of this time connected with the White and Red Roses. The second category can be characterized as the one that depicts the last member of the rival house of York as an evil monster, “a depiction disputed by many modern historians, while portraying his usurper, Henry VII in glowing terms.”[1] The last kind of the Shakespearean chronicles ends with an effusive celebration of the birth of Elizabeth. However, “Shakespeare's celebration of Tudor order is less important in these history dramas than the spectacular decline of the medieval world. Moreover, some of Shakespeare's histories—and notably Richard III—point out that this medieval world came to its end when opportunism and ‘machiavellism’ infiltrated its politics.”[2] To conclude, we can underline that all the history dramas of W. Shakespeare explain the British historical reality in the Renaissance period and represents the historical conflicts and mechanisms of finding the compromise to create the glorious image of England. The histories made Shakespeare the greatest humanist of the English Renaissance literature.

[1] Traversi, Derek. Shakespeare: the Young Dramatist and the Poet // The Age of Shakespeare, vol. 2. New York: Penguin Books, 1992. P. 281.
[2] Ibid. P. 282.

17.2.09

A Fairy-Tale and a Cartoon

Alona Yemlyutina
Make some pop corn, magic horn!

There was a couple advanced in years who lived in conditions of insolvency. like all people of that age, they were not able to work neither to earn their living, but to ask for help from others.

When spring came, the woman sent her husband to saw some millet in the fields so they could have kasha in addition to crusts. So he did. As the grains started to sprout, the man became very glad of it. But one day he found the plants trampled down by a stork. This scene made the man absolutely vexatious. He went home and told his wife about losses they suffered. Recognizing their desperate situation, the woman remembered about the gun they had and decided to shoot that stork down so they could have meat instead of kasha. So the man went into fields hunting for the stork. As he saw the bird as he had expected, the man was already going to make a shot while the stork started to speak with a human voice to the man. It turned out not to be aware of the fact that the millet belonged to a local peasant. He asked to forgive him and gave a bundle as a compensation for the caused damage. First the man thought it was a trick, but the bird insured him that this was a magic bundle. One should have asked it to untwist and to provide food and drinks with code words "Satisfy our hunger, almighty bundle!" and so this happened in a moment. Also the mentioned procedure took place if the asker desired the blanket to roll up and items to be hidden. Wishing to go convinced of the bundle's magic abilities, the man pronounced those words, and an extraordinary event happened. An abundance of foodstuff appeared in front of him that he had never seen before. Having satisfied his hunger, the man went home to share his feelings of excitement with his wife. The magic bundle was considered by the old woman as a salvation in conditions of food disaster, so she proposed to call together all the local countrypeople who were suffering lack of food. Thus many people from around became permanent visitors of the old couple's every day dinner.

Once, one of the local landowner's employees found out about the magic bundle and informed his chef of that phenomenon. The reaction of the landowner was a sudden intention to confiscate the bundle from those people (which was easy considering their unprotected position) on the grounds that there should not be a single person who could have more or better food than he had. So he went to the village. The peasant could not hide the fact so he told his story and showed the bundle in its action to the landowner. The man had no desire to be deprived of his bundle, but he had no choice as he was proposed two variants of settling the matter. One of them was to give it to the landowner and to get a plenty of ordinary food in return; and the other was to go apart with it by means of force and contra damage.

Having returned to his residence, the landowner forgot of his proposition. He invited guests with dense regularity entertaining them with his new gain.

Following the advice of the woman, her husband went to the landowner's house to remind him of the food he had promised. By getting there the man was refused in meeting his request. Also as a bad welcome the man was given an assault by the order of the landowner.

Bearing desperate feelings, the man went to look the stork in hope to get another magic food-bundle. And when he met the bird and informed it of what had occurred, he got another magic item - the silver horn.

Next day the horn of mystery function became to be another object of the landowner's interests. Willing to know what kind of valuable thing it provided, the landowner run into quite unexpected transformations. After the man said the code words "Make some pop corn, magic horn!" twelve Ninjas* appeared to provide a task of punishing all antagonists in this story. Only when the landowner agreed to leave the land without any luggage, the punishment was over.

*In Japanese history, a ninja (忍者) is a warrior specially trained in a variety of unorthodox martial arts.

3rd Feb. 2009


The Hedgehog in the Fog: I and the big Other

"The Hedgehog in the Fog" cartoon of 1975 contains the recognition of the postulate that a human being is afraid and not well known of himself. This psychological fact which is quite of a problematic nature is revealed in a person of a little forest animal - the hedgehog.
The usual every night occupation of this character is counting stars with the Bear, a close friend of the Hedgehog. The stars-engagement for them is like watching a movie. They do not consider the sky as the inaccessible celestial body. The Friends contingently divide it twain in order to specify and appropriate this extra-earth challenging screen by exacting stars in it. This mathematical meditation is usually accompanied with the tea ritual. Such a way of spending the night time is hardly to be referred to work and neither to entertainment. The author apparently offers to consider this a lifestyle. In any case, denomination of joy is evident. To make a new perception of it, life circumstances collide the Hedgehog with a series of unplanned experiences. Unexpectedly for himself, the animal meets his phobias and weaknesses and if does not resolve, then at least asks some questions about his personality.
From the very acquaintance with the character, a viewer feels the rhythm of his mind. The animal thinks about upcoming meeting with his friend, about high suitability between raspberry jam and tea and mainly about the increased emotional tone of the Bear as a result of this jam investment. This last dream is particularly valid in view of the fact that the Bear is a well-known adherent of sweet food. The Hedgehog is absolutely lost in reverie about the forthcoming smell of juniper twigs in the fire and the visual amusement which he used to find in the object of the sky.
The Hedgehog meets with new sensations connected with the extra-high humidity in the Forest. The next few minutes they are supplemented with an aesthetically-social impression which is provoked by the sudden appearance of a white horse. Simple but quite an absurd question arises in the mind of the Hedgehog, which concerns the ability of the Horse to drown in the Fog in case of falling asleep. An attempt of the protagonist to address the Horse does not cause any reaction in the recipient. The Fog significantly obstructs the perception of visual information. So the Hedgehog makes an auditory effort to identify the location of the Horse. But instead he finds himself surrounded by the aggressive sounds of the Forest and the Night. The feelings of the animal are focused on fear. The context is filled with images of negative nature. The imagination of the Hedgehog generates the presence of undefined beings and physical confrontation with them.
A tree of a big size appears to be one of those beings. It draws attention of the Hedgehog with its parameters and puts the animal in state of the Other. A brown leaf falls from the Tree, and starting from this moment the voice of the Bear calling for the Hedgehog is periodically heard in the forest. The notice of losing the valued jam suddenly interrupts the research interest of the Hedgehog. Fear mixes with hopelessness. The Hedgehog understands that he has lost his way. There comes a state of panic and inability to control the situation. The animal finds impermanent comfort in the functional assistance of a firefly as a possibility to determine the boundaries of what is visible. But the insect is not stable and effective enough in conditions of the Forest.
The Distant voice of the Bear periodically returns the Hedgehog into a usual condition. However, the Forest keeps occupying a dominant position in the perception of the animal. In addition to fear of owls and bats, the Hedgehog is frightened of such forest creatures as the snail and elephant. Anxiety and hopelessness become the only feelings of his. The need for reality and certainty increases. The voice of the friend of the Hedgehog is joined with the man's best friend, the dog. It is obvious for a viewer that it does not feel disoriented in the bad weather conditions. It is even valid to say about irony in the behaviour of the Dog over the state of the Hedgehog. The Smiling Dog is a new look at this situation as a paranoid one. But even this sign does not sober the Hedgehog. Having fallen into cold water, he concludes that he has appeared in the river and allows himself to surrender to the flow. As the river flows, the visual information the Hedgehog gets constantly changes. Besides the animal is wet, there is a probability to drown. The horse emerges in his mind, and the Hedgehog keeps confidence. This is an important and unclear moment in this cartoon. The Hedgehog is not in a fear condition any more. Once again he faces with a certain being, but it does not frighten him. However, this contact is of a different nature. First, it is tactile. Second, it takes place in the water of unknown origin. This Being asks the Hedgehog a simple question: "Who are you?"
Doubts about the social equality, which were provoked by dichotomies - "the Hedgehog - the Owl", "the Hedgehog - the Night", "the Hedgehog - the Forest" - are replaced by realization of a clear fact that the Hedgehog is a hedgehog and he has just fallen into the river.
Since his fall, the viewer notices not only the disappearance of fear in his behaviour, but the entire emotionality of his. Upon arrival at the shore, the Hedgehog expresses gratitude to the Being in a very formal tone. In a short time, the Bear appears in the narrative. He greets his friend excitedly with questions about his long absence, accompanying this with telling about preparations for the night of their plan. The figure of the Bear almost explodes the situation with vitality. The time, the smells around, the taste of jam, the temperature of the air - everything becomes clearer. But the Hedgehog does not alter by the activity of the Bear. In the emotional sense, we can state the loss of his image. Despite the unique form and content, this cartoon provokes contrast reactions in a viewer. The ambiguity is in determining the exact image of the Hedgehog, and specifically in changes he has bared. Among the assumptions, we can conclude two versions:
1. The Hedgehog has a fragile sensuous constitution. After the emotional experiences of the Forest, he is suffering a temporary autism.
2. Being relatively small in size and unable to resist psychologically the stress subjects, the Hedgehog did not survive in the Forest environment.
The state of being alone can make significant changes in a man. Instinctively, the individual tries to avoid this in personal and public relationships. In other words, people are creatures of couple and social nature. At such a state of things, friendship and love and expression of other human feelings are the main components of the living sense, equally as the ability to see the sense in a matter of stars.

17 Jan. 2010

Koza-Dereza (The Contrary Nanny Goat)

Olha Maksymchuk
Group 1

According to the History of Ancient Ukraine, there was a family which consisted of four members: two males (the Chronologically Advanced Man and his Son) and two females (the Chronologically Advanced Woman and the Goat). The main role in it was played by the Chronologically Advanced Man. This is a breach of personal rights of female persons and can be considered as a type of gender discrimination. Although three members of the family worked hard (two males and one female), they did have certain financial needs. That is why the family counsel decided to send the second female person (the Goat) to graze on a meadow every day.
Firstly, the Son led the Goat to graze. In the evening the Chronologically Advanced Man put on his red shoes, which was the family relic, came to the gate and asked the Goat what she had eaten and drunk during the whole day. The Goat answered that she had eaten nothing but a small leaf and had drunk nothing but a drop of water. The head of the family got angry and banished his Son. Next day the Chronologically Advanced Woman went to graze the Goat. The end of their journey was the same as in the case with the Son. Finally, the breadwinner noticed that something in the Goat’s words was wrong. According to her complaint she might have starved, but day after day she was gaining extra weight. The Chronologically Advanced Man did not have the right to accuse the Goat of lying without any proofs. So he decided to graze the Goat by himself. Since it is offensive to goats to call them stupid animals we just announce that our Goat was not very smart and at the end of the day repeated the same complaint to her master. He realized he had been cheated by his pet, banished the Goat and returned the Son and the Chronologically Advanced Woman home.
The Goat escaped to the forest, found someone’s house, and settled there. In that house the Hare lived. He was a lawyer and knew that the Goat’s action could be qualified as a crime of capture of another person’s dwelling. The Hare phoned immediately to the police and asked for help. They sent to the place of crime their police officer. The Hare was not gender prejudiced and hoped that aesthetically pleasant uniformed Ms. Fox would be success to arrest the burglar. But she failed. Two other police officers, whose names were Wolf and Bear (both males), did not reach the success either. The last officer was a veteran of anti-terrorist service, the crayfish with an amputation (he had only one pincer). Despite his physical disability, he managed to pinch the Goat. According to the law it was a kind of corporal punishment. The Goat was arrested and put into prison. The happy Hare thanked all of those who took part in that operation and invited them for a cup of tea.

The Sky Is Falling. A Fable

Halat Olha, Gr. A13

The story occurred at a particular time as a non-identified object collided with a hen named Penny. The consequence of the occasion was a shift in the hen’s perception pattern, therefore, a misunderstanding, that the sky was literally falling. Subsequently the hen followed an urge to inform a king of the latter, deciding to perform a travel.
During the journey executed by the hen, a phenomenon of group consciousness transpired and a series of characters were added successively. As a result, a certain assembly was formed with the purpose of delivering news to the king. The members of the group with common collective subconsciousness reflected in their fears and desires were: a cock named Docky, a duck Duddles, a goose Poosey, and a turkey Lurkey.
Nevertheless, the plan of the characters was disrupted by a fox named Loxy, which proved its deceptiveness and illusiveness. The fox ensnared them with its innate resourcefulness into its cave, where a massacre of the self-proclaimed messengers was perpetrated, and nearly all the animals were slaughtered.
Consequently, the only survivor, the hen, arrived at its dwelling and concealed from the outer environment, and a group image of the falling sky expired along with the need to report the news to the king.

Little Red Riding Hood

Kateryna Budz, Group 1

In the medieval France there lived a 12-year old female person called Little Red Riding Hood. Another female person who had brought her into the world asked Little Red Riding Hood to deliver some nutrients to the chronologically advanced female person connected with them through the blood relationship. The latter lived in the forest and because of the worsened health conditions needed products of high quality to provide her organism with carbohydrates, fats, fiber, minerals, protein, and vitamins.
Little Red Riding Hood on her way to the chronologically advanced person met a wild grey animal, also known as a wolf. The latter was interested in which direction Little Red Riding Hood was moving. She verbally informed the wolf both about the direction and the aim of her visit in the forest.
Therefore, after a short inquiry about Little Red Riding Hood’s route, the grey animal followed the other road and succeeded in coming earlier to the chronologically advanced individual’s place. There the wolf swallowed the chronologically advanced person and put her clothes on.
When Little Red Riding Hood arrived, she became suspicious about the strange appearance of her grandmother, so she questioned why the woman’s eyes, ears and teeth were respectively so big, so large and so sharp. At first the wolf disguised as the chronologically advanced woman indicated that the large-sized eyes and ears were needed in order to see and hear the adolescent female person called Little Red Riding Hood better. Next, he reported that the sharp teeth were needed to consume Little Red Riding Hood. As it was already too late to escape from the grey wolf, Little Red Riding Hood served as a second dish in the grey animal’s dinner.
Subsequently, a hunter arrived. That person killed the wolf for the sake of the animal’s skin and rescued both the chronologically advanced individual and her granddaughter, who spent few hours in the beast’s abdominal cavity, but were still alive.

The Fox and the Crane

Nataliya Malynovska

According to the information, the Fox and the Crane were friends.
One day the Fox invited the Crane to the dinner. The Fox's goal was not to feed the Crane; that is why she prepared the cream of wheat and spread it on the plate. As a result, the Crane could not taste this dinner and all the cream of wheat was eaten by the Fox. Then she informed the Crane that the meals ran out, and it was the end of their dinner.
After this case the Crane invited the Fox to the dinner too. His goal was to take vengeance on the Fox; that is why the Crane prepared soup and put it into a pot with a narrow mouth. The Fox had not a chance to taste this soup because her muzzle was bigger than the mouth of the pot with soup. This aspect upset the Fox, because she had supposed a good dinner, but the Crane prepared only this dish.
After that dinner the Fox quarreled with the Crane.

The Story of the Three Bears (revised)

Transformed by Dmytro Drozdovskyi, group #1

As it is said in the chronicles, in the XV-th century there were Three Bears, who existed together in a house. One of them was a vertically challenged Bear; the second was a Middle-sized Bear, and the third was a Great Bear with extra weight. They each had a pot for their porridge (*a container that is commonly used in fairy tales for magic tools or porridge as in this short story. — auth.), a small pot for the Vertically Challenged Bear, a middle-sized pot for the Middle Bear, and a great pot for the Great Bear with Extra Weight. And they each had a bed to sleep in; a small bed for the Vertically Challenged Bear; a middle-sized bed for the Middle Bear; and a three-meter long bed for the Great Bear with Extra Weight.
On the 15th of December 1476, after they had made the porridge for their breakfast and poured it into their porridge-pots, they walked out into the wood while the porridge was cooling. While they were walking, a Chronologically Advanced Woman with special needs came to the house. She could not have been a friendly Chronologically Advanced Woman; she looked in the window, and then she peeped in the keyhole; and seeing nobody in the house, she lifted the latch. The door was not fastened. The chronologically advanced Woman opened the door and went in. If she had been a friendly Chronologically Advanced Woman, she would have waited till the Bears came home, and then, perhaps, they would have invited her to breakfast. But she was an impudent, economically exploited chronologically advanced person. As we can see, this story deals with the issue of criminality we can face in our society.
In fact, she tasted the porridge of the Great Bear with Extra Weight, and that was too hot for her; and she said an obscene word about that. Then she tasted the porridge of the Middle Bear, and that was too cold for her. And then she went to the porridge of the Vertically Challenged Bear and tasted that; and that was neither too hot nor too cold; and she ate it all up: but the naughty Chronologically Advanced Woman said an obscene word about the little porridge-pot, because it did not hold enough for her. But we know, indeed, that obscene slang words or vulgarisms are not a sufficient and proper way of communication when we want to persuade our partners.
Furthermore, the Chronologically Advanced Woman went upstairs into the bed-chamber in which the three Bears slept. And first she lay down upon the bed of the Great Bear with Extra Weight; but that was too inconvenient. And next she lay down upon the bed of the Middle Bear, and that was too inconvenient. And then she lay down upon the bed of the Vertically Challenged Bear, and that was neither too vertically changed at the head nor at the foot, but just right. As we can predict, she covered herself up comfortably and lay there till she fell fast asleep.
By this time the Three Bears thought their porridge would be cool enough, so they came home to breakfast. Now the Chronologically Advanced Woman had left the spoon of the Great Bear with Extra Weight standing in his porridge.
The socially challenged Chronologically Advanced Woman heard in her sleep the rough, gruff voice of the Great Bear with Extra Weight; but she was so deeply asleep that it was no more to her than the roaring of wind or the rumbling of thunder. And she heard the middle voice of the Middle Bear, but it was only as if she had heard someone speaking in a dream. But when she heard the voice of the Vertically Challenged Bear, it was so sharp and so shrill that it awakened her at once. She started up; and when she saw the Three Bears on one side of the bed, she tumbled herself out at the other, and ran to the window. The window was open, because the Bears obviously opened their bed-chamber window when they got up in the morning. The Chronologically Advanced Woman with financial needs jumped out. Finally, she was taken up by the environmental hygienist and sent to the House of Correction. But the Three Bears never saw that socially challenged Chronologically Advanced Woman. The social justice won in that society that brought to the citizens the spirit of partnership and mutual understanding.

Fairy Tale about the Ax Porridge

Edited by Tanya Ivanova

This story took place many years ago, but probably today it still has its relevance. Coming back to the story we should mention a discharged soldier who was on his way home and felt bothered by such a biological need as hunger. A small village appeared in his view. He made a decision to address his request to the nearest house. A lady opened the door and asked the soldier to come in. Answering his request concerning the biological need, the lady turned to lies, hiding and sparing, and grudging food for the man. At the same time we should mention that the soldier was quite clever: once noticing an ax under the bench, he offered to make porridge out of it. The lady was struck by such and idea, but her desire to save food was so big she decided to take an observation position and let the soldier cook whatever he intended to. When the soldier tasted the ‘porridge’, the lady got all interested in how tasty it was. Step by step, the soldier smoothly made the lady take out all of the ingredients he needed for the dish, which included: salt, grains, butter, and bread. Afterwards, the lady was impressed by the taste of the porridge made out of the ax.
Thus, it was a situation of not only getting out of feeling hunger, but also gaining some useful things, such as ax, which was presented by the lady to the soldier under the effect of making such an amazing dish.

Sister Alenushka and brother Ivanushka

Anna Nosak

I would begin to inform you about the story from describing the place where all the events happened: it was a little administrative unit situated far from urban life. A full family of mother, father, and their children Ivanushka and Alenushka lived there. But one day parents died. There was no social service nearby, so children were left to themselves and worked for their living.
According to the norms of the society, the younger brother needs to subordinate his older sister, but there are factors which make it difficult, especially in instances of satisfying the basic needs. Nevertheless, Ivanushka did not listen to Alenushka’s advice and drank water from the track of a goat and turned into the same animal. Both the sister and the brother felt frustration about this. As time passed on, there came a day when a rich man proposed to Alenushka, and thus it lead to the changing of the siblings’ status. Against the background of these events an evil witch appeared. She was very jealous of the happiness of a family and decided to take interrupting actions. As a matter of fact, in her mind she even had and idea of committing a crime. Having caught Alenushka near the lake where the girl was spending her time, the witch threw a rope with a stone on her neck and pushed her into the water. After that she adopted the image of Alenushka and began to look just like her.
At the same time, Ivanushka was a witness of that terrible event and intended to take an action to save his sister. Seeing that, in order to prevent the situation of revealing the truth the witch started persuading the man to kill the goat. The speed the goat can reach is very high, so Ivanushka in the goat’s body ran as fast as he could to the lake where his sister was. For some supernatural reason she was still alive. The servant of the man overheard the conversation between the siblings and rushed home to inform the man about everything he had just discovered. As a result, Alenushka was saved, Ivanushka turned back into human, the family lived happily ever since, and the witch was called to account for everything she had done.

The Ugly Duckling (The Visually Challenged Duckling)

Semeniaka Olena, group A-1

Each member of the progressive society is deeply struck by the dramatic destiny of the well-known Visually Challenged Duckling. Those who are really devoted to the defense of the minorities’ rights ought to pay very strong attention to his personal history. Everyone should be aware of all the sufferings the Visually Challenged Duckling had to bear only because of his original appearance.
There is persuasive evidence that our hero was uniquely coordinated and gravitationally challenged in comparison with his brothers and sisters. These notable peculiarities were not properly estimated neither by his own mother, nor by his close companions. Since his childhood he had been constantly treated as a socially challenged person. The other ducks considered their relative to be a turkey. A Duck of Spanish blood tactlessly said that he actually should have been improved. Moreover, the Visually Challenged Duckling was dangerously injured for several times by different birds in the farm-yard. At last he ran away in order to save life.
Since then the Visually Challenged Duckling became residentially flexible. Wild ducks agreed to stand the Visually Challenged Duckling only on the condition that he should not desire to marry one of their families. Even the sporting dogs refused to bite him. Besides, he had serious disagreements with the chronologically challenged woman, her cat, and her hen that did not see the inner value of his personality. The Visually Challenged Duckling left their home, too. But since winter came he had to struggle for his life again. A peasant carried the half-dead Duckling home, but he lost all the credibility to other beings and escaped. Finally, when the winter passed the Duckling met beautiful royal birds, white swans, who wanted them to kill him.
But at this moment the Visually Challenged Duckling realized that he was no more visually challenged. He was the same as these beautiful royal birds. The swans emotionally swam around the new-comer and greeted him politely. His disadvantaged and marginalized position in society was in the past. Without this episode the history of the protection of minorities’ rights would be totally incomplete.

A harmful social ideal in a Russian tale about Ivan with not a very high IQ level

Wadim Aristow

One of the most popular heroes of Russian tales Ivan represents the anti-social ideal and reflects diseases of the Russian mentality. Moreover, the tale should be prohibited in Ukraine because it shows both discrimination of a person with special needs and disrespect to ordinary well-socialized business executives.

Firstly, Ivan is called “the fool” or “stupid” for he is seemingly lazy and cannot do house work. But we see here age discrimination because Ivan is the youngest among the three brothers. Going further, we are not sure that he cannot do his work. It may be not because he is lazy but because nobody taught him. Everybody laughs at his mistakes and through that violates his weak child’s soul. People do not consider his special needs and do not provide him with corresponding conditions.

Secondly, it is not clear why Ivan behaves asocially. Instead of trying to defend his rights in a legal way, he turns to such a dangerous and scientifically unidentified phenomenon as the Fire-bird. Instead of winning over others in a honest competition, he makes success from magic and other criminal practices.

Finally, Ivan gets everything while his brothers, calm people and industrious business executives, earn nothing.

As a last feature it should be noted that there is implicit gender discrimination: there are only brothers, no sisters. And a pretty girl becomes only an award of Ivan’s aspirations.

So, this tale could not be adopted by our society.

10.1.09

2009 Writing Assignment 1

Rewrite a short fairy tale or fable in English according to the academic writing style and the political correctness norms. Post your entry for peer work. Consider the following example in Ukrainian.





Проблема Колобка і його взаємин з лисицею

В Aмериці існує неписане законодавство відносно написання есе і тому подібних творів. Саме цей принцип написання есе пояснюється молодим створінням у школах і потім знаходить своє продовження в університеті. Знання цих простих принципів допоможе вам написати вдале американське есе, нехай навіть воно й поступатиметься за змістом творові, який ви б написали вільним стилем.
Отже, структура будь-якого есе така: початок, власне теза, три докази цієї тези, перефразування тези, закінчення. Той факт, що кожен твір повинeн мати якусь тезу, американською освітою навіть не оскаржується - у кожному есе ви повинні переконливо викласти свою думку і довести її трьома (іноді чотирма) аргументами.
Приклад: Вам запропонували написати есе на тему "Проблема Колобка і його взаємин з лисицею". При цьому примітивний кістяк есе виглядав би так:
Проблемa Колобка вже досить довго є однією з найбільш актуальних не тільки для мене, але і для всієї сучасної Америки. (вступ) Безумовно, спираючись на факти, можна стверджувати, що Колобок був потереб'ям суспільства і жертвою расової і всілякої іншої дискримінації. (теза)
По-перше, очевидною є жадібна сутність Баби і Діда, коли вони, приготувавши смачного Колобка, мали намір негайно його з'їсти, незважаючи на визначні вокальні дані індивідуума. (перший аргумент) По-друге, Зайча, Вовк і Ведмідь очікували від Колобка вокальних виступів, у такий спосіб підкреслюючи своє расове упередження до Колобка. Чому ніхто не попросив Колобка замість пісні, припустимо, станцювати циганочку, зробити сальто або довести теорему Ферма? Та тому, що сучасне суспільство не бачить Колобка інакше як в образі дешевого співака. (другий аргумент) І, нарешті, Лисичка-сестричка жорстоко використала довірливу і шляхетну душу Колобка, запропонувавши йому сісти на її язичок, щоб краще його чути. І в тому, що зрештою Колобок виявився з'їденим, винен кожен із нас. (третій аргумент)
Людина сьогоднішнього дня не може бути байдужою до проблеми Колобка.(перефразування тези) Лисичка-сестричка з'їла не Колобка, вона з'їла нашу надію на світле демократичне майбутнє і ті зачатки людського, що існували в кожному з нас.(закінчення)